The table shows the proanthocyanidin (PA) content and antioxidant activity of hot-water extracts from various pine bark species.
Among the tested species, Pinus radiata exhibited one of the highest PA concentrations (404 mg/g) and strong antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging 92.5% at 25 µg/mL).
These results indicate that Radiata pine bark is a rich source of bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant potential.